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Scouting Association of the Republic (Poland)
Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej (''Scouting Association of the Republic'', ZHR) is a Polish Scouting organization founded on February 12, 1989. At present, Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej has over 15,000 members. It is not recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement or by World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts because the world organizations only accept one member association per nation.
==History==
In 1956, after Stalin's and Bierut's death, the communist party youth movement ZMP OH was transformed and renamed to ZHP, the same name the Polish Scouting association had before World War II. After 1958 many pre-war instructors were removed from the new ZHP or marginalized, and the original oath, law, educational content and methods were changed. After pope John Paul II's first pilgrimage to Poland in August 1980, some "non-conforming" instructors inside the ZHP created the Andrzej Małkowski Circle of Scout Instructors (KIHAM), with the objective to restore original scout ideals. After the 7th Congress of ZHP at the beginning of 1981 rejected all their motions and the martial law was imposed in December 1981, they went underground. The underground movement came to light in the fall of 1988. After they were unsuccessful in reforming the ZHP their way, the ZHR was founded.〔(History of ZHR )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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